Technologies

AI is a loose term that covers a number of different technologies. In general, Tractica defines AI as an information system inspired by a biological system. Such technologies are designed to give computers human-like abilities of hearing, seeing, reasoning, and learning, even if they do not work in the exact or even similar way.

Ultimately, the goal of most AI designers is to get machines to reason and respond in such a way that they are indistinguishable from a human, while simultaneously featuring superhuman levels of knowledge recall, accuracy, reliability, and stamina.

At a high level, Tractica has identified six leading AI technologies: machine learning (ML), DL, natural language processing (NLP), computer vision (CV), machine reasoning (MR), and strong AI.

• Machine learning is a type of AI that involves using computerized mathematical algorithms that can learn from data and can depart from strictly following rule-based, pre-programmed logic. ML algorithms typically build a probabilistic model and then use it to make assumptions and predictions about similar sets of data.
• Deep learning is a form of ML that uses the model of human neural nets to make its predictions about new data sets. Tractica believes this is currently the most promising of all AI technologies and is advancing other branches of the science, including cognitive computing, image recognition, and NLP.
• Natural language processing enables computers to understand human language as it is spoken and written and to produce human-like speech and writing. Machine translation of one human language into another language is also a form of NLP.
• Computer vision attempts to identify images of objects that can be seen. It can also include attempts to use the same technology to identify patterns in data, such as seismographic readings, which humans cannot see.
• Machine reasoning attempts to simulate the human thought processes by using a computerized model of language to acquire knowledge and then make decisions. Instead of being programmable in the traditional sense, an expert system is designed to build its own understanding of the world based on the relationships between words, concepts, and syntax.
• Strong AI attempts to simulate the general human thought processes by using a computerized model of concepts to organize knowledge and then act on it. Instead of being programmable in the traditional sense, strong AI seeks to make sense of the world by relying on human language’s inherent model of reality buttressed by the discipline of logic. Tractica also defines strong AI as integrating different modes of AI.

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